Screwdriver aspiration during implant surgery: case report and literature review / 口腔疾病防治

Objective @#To discuss and summarize the preventive measures and treatment methods for aspiration/ingestion during dental procedures.@*Methods @# One case of aspiration during an implant operation was reported, and the literature on aspiration/ingestion during oral procedures was reviewed.@*Results@#An implant screwdriver accidentally slipped into the mouth of the patient during implant surgery. The patient experienced no obvious discomfort except a few coughs. The surgeon and assistant paused the procedure immediately to search for the screwdriver, but it was not found. The patient declared that there was no special abnormality, such as breathing disorder or chest distress, so we considered that the foreign body was ingestion. After the implant surgery was completed, no foreign body was found in the stomach via gastroscopy. Chest X-ray and CT showed a dense metal shadow in the lower lobe of the left lung. Under local anesthesia, bronchoscopy and biopsy forceps were used by respiratory physicians to clip out the foreign body. After removal of the foreign body, the patient had no obvious discomfort but a slight cough. Cephalexin and metronidazole were given for three days to prevent infection. Three days later, the patient had no complaints of respiratory discomfort. After reviewing the literature, we found that the operation should be paused immediately after aspiration/ingestion occurs during dental procedures and that the dental chair should be laid down to prevent the foreign body from descending deeper, which may increase the difficulty of removal and cause gastrointestinal and respiratory tract injury. The position of the foreign body should be determined by imaging examination, and the corresponding means to remove the foreign body should be performed.@*Conclusion @# Patients may have no obvious symptoms after aspiration/ingestion during dental procedures, and the foreign body can be removed after imaging examination.

Effect of Shenmai Injection on Long-Term Prognosis of Patients with Chronic Heart Failure: A Multicenter, Large Sample Capacity, Long-Term Follow-Up Retrospective Cohort Study / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effect of Shenmai Injection (SMI) on the long-term prognosis of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF).@*METHODS@#The Hospital Information System was used to extract data of CHF patients, and the retrospective cohort study was conducted for analysis. In non-exposed group, standardized Western medicine treatment and Chinese patent medicine or decoction were applied without combination of SMI while in the exposed group, SMI were applied for more than 7 days. Evaluation indicators are followed with New York Heart Association functional classification (NYHA classification), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide precursor (NT-ProBNP), cardiogenic death and heart failure (HF) readmission. Statistical analysis includes Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression which are used to explore the relationship between SMI and outcome events.@*RESULTS@#A total of 1,211 eligible CHF patients were involved and finally 1,047 patients were followed up successfully. After treatment, the cases of NYHA classification decline in the exposed and non-exposed groups accounted for 64.30% and 43.45%, respectively; the improvement values of LVEF were 8.89% and 7.91%, respectively; the improvement values of NT-ProBNP were 909 pg/mL and 735 pg/mL, respectively. After exposure on SMI, the rates of cardiogenic death and HF readmission reduced from 15.43% to 10.18% and 38.93% to 32.37%. According to Kaplan-Meier analysis, the log-rank P value of SMI and cardiogenic death was 0.014, while the counterpart of SMI and HF readmission was 0.025. Cox regression analysis indicated that for cardiogenic death, age, cardiomyopathy, diabetes, and NYHA classification were risk factors while β-blockers, aldosterone receptor antagonists, Chinese patent medicine/decoction and SMI were protective factors. Likewise, for HF readmission, age, cardiomyopathy, and NYHA classification were risk factors while SMI was a protective factor.@*CONCLUSION@#Combination with SMI on the standardized Western medicine treatment can effectively reduce cardiogenic mortality and readmission rate in CHF patients, and thereby improve the long-term prognosis.

Effects of regular feedback on the detection rate of adenomas in opportunistic screening of colorectal cancer / 中华消化内镜杂志

Objective:To explore whether the regular feedback system in opportunistic screening of colorectal cancer can improve the adenoma detection rate (ADR) of endoscopists.Methods:This study was an observational study, divided into three stages: the baseline stage before intervention (the pre-intervention period), the regular feedback stage (the intervention period) and the post-intervention stage (the post-intervention period). In the pre-intervention period, all patients who underwent opportunistic screening of colorectal cancer in Department of Gastroenterology in Beijing Shijitan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from June 2017 to May 2018 were reviewed, and the ADR of each endoscopist was calculated. In the intervention period from June 2018 to November 2018, colonoscopies were performed on patients for opportunistic screening of colorectal cancer by endoscopists who participated in the feedback. The ADR of each endoscopist during the previous month was calculated at the beginning of each month and feedback was provided in the form of a report. In the post-intervention period from December 2018 to January 2019, colonoscopies were performed on patients for opportunistic screening of colorectal cancer by endoscopists who participated in the feedback. The ADR of each endoscopist was calculated after the feedback stopped. ADR and polyp detection rate (PDR) of three stages were compared.Results:A total of 1 768, 1 308 and 344 patients were enrolled for opportunistic screening of colorectal cancer during the pre-intervention, the intervention and the post-intervention period respectively. Eight endoscopists participated in the whole process of this study. The total ADR increased from 23.70% (419/1 768) in the pre-intervention period to 33.72% (441/1 308) in the intervention period ( χ2=37.449, P<0.05). Two months after intervention, ADR decreased slightly to 33.14% (114/344), but was still higher compared with before ( χ2=13.602, P<0.05). The total PDR increased from 47.17% (834/1 768) in the pre-intervention period to 52.68% (689/1 308) in the intervention period ( χ2=9.111, P<0.05). Two months after the intervention, PDR increased slightly to 53.78% (185/344), and still higher compared with before ( χ2=5.035, P<0.05). Conclusion:Regular feedback to endoscopists can improve ADR in opportunistic screening of colorectal cancer.

Clinical Efficacy of Postmenopausal Knee Osteoarthritis with Liver and Kidney Deficiencies Based on Theory of Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment of Kidney / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To discuss the clinical efficacy of modified Zuoguiwan on postmenopausal osteoarthritis of knee (KOA) with deficiency of liver and kidney based on theory of syndrome differentiation and treatment of kidney, and its effect on endocrine hormone and cartilage metabolism.Method:One hundred and forty patients of KOA were randomly divided into control group (70 cases) and observation group (70 cases) by random number table. Patients in two group got glucosamine hydrochloride capsule for 12 weeks, 1 capsule/time, 2 times/day, and those with obvious pain was added celecoxib capsules for 4 weeks, 0.2 g/time, 1 time/day. The control group took Kang Zengsheng pills orally. patients in observation group was also added with modified Zuoguiwan for 12 weeks, 1 dose/day. Before and after treatment, pain level during activity and rest by visual simulation of pain (VAS) were scored. And visual scale of osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) of Western Ontario and McMaster University, knee osteoarthritis severity index (ISOA), deficiency of liver and kidney, self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS) were scored. And levels of serum estradiol (E2), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were scored.Result:Scores of VAS during activity and rest in observation group were lower than those in control group (P<0.01). The total score of WOMAC, scores of pain, stiffness, joint function, deficiency of liver and kidney, SAS and SDS were all lower than those in control group (P<0.01). Total score of ISOA, symptoms and signs, maximum walking distance, daily life were lower than those in control group (P<0.01). Levels of E2, FSH, LH, TNF-α, IL-1β and MMP-3 were lower than those in control group (P<0.01). Level of TGF-β was higher than that in control group (P<0.01). And total clinical effective rate in observation group was 89.23%(58/65), which was higher than 74.60%(47/63) in control group (χ2=4.793, P<0.05).Conclusion:Modified Zuoguiwan can obviously alleviate symptoms, improve joint function, regulate the level of endocrine hormone, relieve anxiety and depression, regulate the environment of cartilage metabolism, inhibit inflammatory reaction, and improve the patients' ability of daily life and clinical efficacy.

Effect of "Tongdu Tiaoshen" needling on cognitive dysfunction in patients with sepsis asso-ciated encephalopathy and its mechanism / 针刺研究

OBJECTIVE: To observe the efficacy of "Tongdu Tiaoshen" (dredging Governor Vessel and regula-ting mind,needling on the cognitive function of patients with sepsis associated encephalopathy (SAE). METHODS: A total of 64 patients with SAE were enrolled in the present study, and randomly and equally divided into a control group and a treatment group. Patients in the control group received conventional medicines and conventional needling treatment. The patients of the treatment group received conventional medicines and "Tongdu Tiaoshen" needling treatment. The treatment was conducted once daily for 10 days. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale was used to assess the therapeutic effect after the treatment. Serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) was detected by radioimmunoassay, serum C-reactive protein (CRP) was detected by immuno-scattering method, and arterial blood lactic acid (Lac) content was detected by blood gas analyzer. RESULTS: The effective rate in the treatment group was obviously higher than that in the control group (P<0.01). After the treatment, the MoCA scores were considerably increased in both groups compared with their own pre-treatment (P<0.01), and the MoCA scores in the treatment group were obviously higher than those of the control group in the visual space and executive function, attention and computational power, language, abstraction and delayed recall dimensions (P<0.01). The contents of IL-6, CRP and Lac in both groups were significantly decreased after the treatment relevant to those of their own pre-treatment (P<0.01), and were obviously lower in the treatment group than those in the control group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: "Tongdu Tiaoshen" needling can significantly improve the cognitive function of SAE patients, which may be associated with its effect in reducing inflammatory reaction of sepsis.

Effect and Mechanism of Dendrobii Officinalis Caulis in Intervening and Preventing Myocardial Fibrosis in Rats with Heart Failure and Heart Qi Deficiency Syndrome After Ischemia-reperfusion / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To investigate the expressions of cardiac cycle, myocardial pathology, galectin-3 (Gal-3),transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β),Smad homologue 3 recombinant protein (Smad3) in rats with heart failure and heart failure after ischemia-reperfusion, and the intervention effect of Dendrobii Officinalis Caulis (DOC) myocardial fibrosis in model rats. Method:A rat model of heart failure and Qi deficiency was established through ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. The rats were divided into blank group, model group, valsartan group (9.43 mg·kg-1) and DOC group (10 mg·kg-1), with 10 in each group. The blank group and the model group were given an equal volume of physiological saline. The changes in left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular end-systolic dimension(LVESD), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS) of the cardiac cycle of rats in each group were recorded by high-resolution ultrasound system. The carboxyterrninal propeptide of type I procollagen (PICP), and carboxyterrninal propeptide of type Ⅲ procollagen (PⅢNP)were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. The morphological changes of myocardial cells were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The changes of myocardial fiber tissue and collagen were observed by Masson staining. Western blot was used to detect the protein expressions of Gal-3, TGF-β, Smad3. Result:Compared with the blank group, the levels of LVEDD, LVEF, and LVFS were lower in the model group (PPβ, and Smad3 were decreased (PPPPβ and Smad3 were lower than those in the model group (PPConclusion:DOC can effectively inhibit myocardial fibrosis in rats with heart failure and heart Qi deficiency syndrome after ischemia-reperfusion. The mechanism may be correlated with the reduction of the expressions of Gal-3, TGF-β and Smad3.

Establishment of multiple predictor models of severe acute pancreatitis with intestine functional disturbance / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective@#To investigate the factors related to severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) with intestine functional disturbance (IFD) and to establish the multiple predictor models of SAP with IFD.@*Methods@#Clinical data of consecutive SAP patients admitted to department of gastroenterology of Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2015 to March 2019 were retrospectively collected and analyzed. According to the occurrence of IFD at 48 hours after onset, the patients were divided into IFD group and control group. The clinical indicators within 4 hours after admission were compared between the two groups, and the independent predictive factors for SAP with IFD were screened by single factor analysis and multiple classified Logistic regression analysis. The unweighted predictive score (unwScore) and weighted predictive score (wScore) models were constructed by combining the independent predictors. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of SAP patients with IFD were plotted by independent predictive factors and predictive models, and the clinical predictive effect of each independent predictive index and predictive models were analyzed.@*Results@#A total of 149 patients with SAP were enrolled, including 87 males and 62 females, with age of (52.8±18.1) years old. There were 45 patients in IFD group and 104 patients in control group.Univariate analysis and multiple classified Logistic regression analysis showed that high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (SCr), serum calcium (Ca), procalcitonin (PCT) and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were independent predictive factors of SAP with IFD. The ROC curve was used to calculate the cut-off value of the above indexes to predict IFD, and unwScore model was established. The cut-off score of IFD prediction by the unwScore model was 3 points, and the probability of IFD increased with the increase of the score. The area under ROC curve (AUC) of unwScore was 0.944, the sensitivity was 95.6%, the specificity was 94.2%, the positive predictive value (PPV) was 87.8%, and the negative predictive value (NPV) was 98.0%. The binary Logistic regression analysis of hs-CRP, BUN, Ca, SCr, PCT and NLR were carried out, and wScore model was established. The AUC of wScore was 0.959, the sensitivity was 95.9%, the specificity was 96.2%, the PPV was 91.5%, and the NPV was 98.1%; predictive value was superior to each independent index and unwScore model.@*Conclusions@#hs-CRP, BUN, SCr, Ca, PCT and NLR were independent predictive factors of SAP with IFD. The multiple predictor models of SAP with IFD have a good predictive efficiency which may provide valuable clinical reference for prediction and treatment.

Establishment of multiple predictor models of severe acute pancreatitis with intestine functional disturbance / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective To investigate the factors related to severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) with intestine functional disturbance (IFD) and to establish the multiple predictor models of SAP with IFD. Methods Clinical data of consecutive SAP patients admitted to department of gastroenterology of Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2015 to March 2019 were retrospectively collected and analyzed. According to the occurrence of IFD at 48 hours after onset, the patients were divided into IFD group and control group. The clinical indicators within 4 hours after admission were compared between the two groups, and the independent predictive factors for SAP with IFD were screened by single factor analysis and multiple classified Logistic regression analysis. The unweighted predictive score (unwScore) and weighted predictive score (wScore) models were constructed by combining the independent predictors. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of SAP patients with IFD were plotted by independent predictive factors and predictive models, and the clinical predictive effect of each independent predictive index and predictive models were analyzed. Results A total of 149 patients with SAP were enrolled, including 87 males and 62 females, with age of (52.8±18.1) years old. There were 45 patients in IFD group and 104 patients in control group. Univariate analysis and multiple classified Logistic regression analysis showed that high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (SCr), serum calcium (Ca), procalcitonin (PCT) and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were independent predictive factors of SAP with IFD. The ROC curve was used to calculate the cut-off value of the above indexes to predict IFD, and unwScore model was established. The cut-off score of IFD prediction by the unwScore model was 3 points, and the probability of IFD increased with the increase of the score. The area under ROC curve (AUC) of unwScore was 0.944, the sensitivity was 95.6%, the specificity was 94.2%, the positive predictive value (PPV) was 87.8%, and the negative predictive value (NPV) was 98.0%. The binary Logistic regression analysis of hs-CRP, BUN, Ca, SCr, PCT and NLR were carried out, and wScore model was established. The AUC of wScore was 0.959, the sensitivity was 95.9%, the specificity was 96.2%, the PPV was 91.5%, and the NPV was 98.1%;predictive value was superior to each independent index and unwScore model. Conclusions hs-CRP, BUN, SCr, Ca, PCT and NLR were independent predictive factors of SAP with IFD. The multiple predictor models of SAP with IFD have a good predictive efficiency which may provide valuable clinical reference for prediction and treatment.

Establishment of multiple predictor models of severe acute pancreatitis with intestine functional disturbance / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective To investigate the factors related to severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) with intestine functional disturbance (IFD) and to establish the multiple predictor models of SAP with IFD. Methods Clinical data of consecutive SAP patients admitted to department of gastroenterology of Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2015 to March 2019 were retrospectively collected and analyzed. According to the occurrence of IFD at 48 hours after onset, the patients were divided into IFD group and control group. The clinical indicators within 4 hours after admission were compared between the two groups, and the independent predictive factors for SAP with IFD were screened by single factor analysis and multiple classified Logistic regression analysis. The unweighted predictive score (unwScore) and weighted predictive score (wScore) models were constructed by combining the independent predictors. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of SAP patients with IFD were plotted by independent predictive factors and predictive models, and the clinical predictive effect of each independent predictive index and predictive models were analyzed. Results A total of 149 patients with SAP were enrolled, including 87 males and 62 females, with age of (52.8±18.1) years old. There were 45 patients in IFD group and 104 patients in control group. Univariate analysis and multiple classified Logistic regression analysis showed that high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (SCr), serum calcium (Ca), procalcitonin (PCT) and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were independent predictive factors of SAP with IFD. The ROC curve was used to calculate the cut-off value of the above indexes to predict IFD, and unwScore model was established. The cut-off score of IFD prediction by the unwScore model was 3 points, and the probability of IFD increased with the increase of the score. The area under ROC curve (AUC) of unwScore was 0.944, the sensitivity was 95.6%, the specificity was 94.2%, the positive predictive value (PPV) was 87.8%, and the negative predictive value (NPV) was 98.0%. The binary Logistic regression analysis of hs-CRP, BUN, Ca, SCr, PCT and NLR were carried out, and wScore model was established. The AUC of wScore was 0.959, the sensitivity was 95.9%, the specificity was 96.2%, the PPV was 91.5%, and the NPV was 98.1%;predictive value was superior to each independent index and unwScore model. Conclusions hs-CRP, BUN, SCr, Ca, PCT and NLR were independent predictive factors of SAP with IFD. The multiple predictor models of SAP with IFD have a good predictive efficiency which may provide valuable clinical reference for prediction and treatment.

Small-cell carcinoma of the prostate: A report of 2 cases and review of the literature / 中华男科学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics and improve the clinical treatment of prostatic small-cell carcinoma (PSCC).@*METHODS@#We reported 2 cases of PSCC derived from prostate cancer after treated by androgen blockade and prostate electrotomy and reviewed the relevant literature.@*RESULTS@#Two patients with PSA elevation were diagnosed with prostate cancer by prostatic puncture biopsy and treated by maximum androgen blockade, which reduced their total PSA to the normal level. Later, due to difficult urination, they both underwent prostate electrotomy, followed by chemotherapy or radiotherapy for PSCC confirmed by postoperative pathology. Nevertheless, they died at 8 to 9 months after the discovery of PSCC.@*CONCLUSIONS@#PSCC can derive from prostate cancer after treatment, which may be attributed to the pathological mutation induced by long-term endocrine therapy. PSCC is more malignant than prostate cancer, and its prognosis is poor.

Endoscopic features of early colorectal carcinomas smaller than 2cm: a retrospective study of 191 cases / 中国肿瘤临床

Objective: To examine endoscopic features of early colorectal carcinomas smaller than 2 cm. Methods: A total of 191 pa-tients (201 early colorectal carcinomas) who were definitely diagnosed with early colorectal cancer smaller than 2 cm between Janu-ary 2014 and December 2017 in Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University were enrolled. The patients'clinical characteris-tics, endoscopic and pathological data were retrospectively analyzed. Results: There were more male patients than female patients (1.81:1) in the study population; distribution of lesions was higher in the left colon than in the right colon (141/201). Group 1 had a higher number of IIa lesions (20/67, P=0.037) and a lower number of Ip lesions than Group 2 (52/134, P<0.01). Conclusions: There are special characteristics in distribution and endoscopic manifestations of early colorectal carcinoma. Lesion size was less than 1 cm in 67 (191 cases of early colorectal cancer) early colorectal carcinoma cases; however, a high-risk adenoma is defined as a lesion larger than 1 cm in size. Therefore, regardless of lesion size, if fractionation, echinodermata, congestion, erosion, expansion, and depression are observed, the lesion should be assessed in detail for the sake of carcinogenesis.

Observation of the effect of comprehensive internal medical treatment including gastric endoscopy on patients with bezoar / 中国综合临床

Objective To investigate the effect of comprehensive internal medical treatment including gastric endoscopy on patients with bezoar. Methods From 2010 to 2016,a retrospective study was conducted on fifty?two patients admitted to Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University. Results The main accompanying diseases were hypertension,coronary heart disease,diabetes mellitus and so on. Food that are easy to induce bezoar : banana, persimmon, hawthorn, chestnut, etc. The treatment included endoscopic treatment, intravenous proton pump suppression, and oral Coca?Cola and bicarbonate solution. The bezoar in two patients after 3 weeks of medical treatment were still not dissolved,finally surgery were performed. One patient's pathology showed early cardiac adenocarcinoma. Five patients had incomplete intestinal obstruction, after fasting and gastrointestinal decompression, and the bezoars were excreted through feces. All patients were cured without death. Conclusion Gastroscopy is a timely treatment that can help diagnose and treat gastric bezoar. The main predisposing factors include hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus and so on. Endoscopic treatment,intravenous proton pump inhibitor,sodium bicarbonate and Coca?Cola could dissolve most bezoar. We should be alert to the possibility of early cancer.

Inhibitory effect of polyphyllin Ⅰ on the proliferation of prostate cancer PC3 cells via ERK1/2/P65/DNMT1 and its molecular mechanism / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>Objective</b>To explore the inhibitory effect of polyphyllin Ⅰ (PPⅠ) on the proliferation of castration-resistant prostate cancer PC3 cells and its molecular mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We cultured human prostate cancer PC3 cells in vitro and treated them with PPⅠ at the concentrations of 0 (blank group), 0.4, 0.8, 1.2, 1.6, 2.0, and 2.4 μmol/L for 24, 48, and 72 hours, respectively. Then we detected the proliferation of the cells by MTT assay, measured their apoptosis by flow cytometry, and determined the expressions of p-ERK1/2, ERK1/2, NF-κB/p65 and DNMT1 proteins as well as the level of NF-κB/p65 in the cells additionally treated with the ERK1/2 inhibitor SP600125 by Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the blank control group, the PPⅠ-treated PC3 cells showed a concentration- and time-dependent reduction of the survival rate (1.00 ± 0.00 vs 0.85 ± 0.05, P < 0.01) at 0.4 μmol/L after 48 hours of intervention, concentration-dependent early apoptosis at 0.8 μmol/L (4.83 ± 0.95 vs 13.83 ± 2.97, P < 0.01), time-dependent increase of the expressions of p-ERK1/2 (1.00 ± 0.00 vs 1.73 ± 0.17, P < 0.01) and ERK1/2 (1.00 ± 0.00 vs 1.36 ± 0.12, P < 0.01) at 2 hours, and concentration-dependent decrease of the expressions of NF-κB/p65 and DNMT1 at 1.2 μmol/L (1.00 ± 0.00 vs 0.78 ± 0.10 and 0.63 ± 0.06, P < 0.01) and 1.6 μmol/L (1.00 ± 0.00 vs 0.67 ± 0.11 and 0.52 ± 0.09, P<0.01). Inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation with PD98059 markedly reversed PPⅠ-induced decrease of the NF-κB/p65 expression as compared with that in the PPⅠ group (0.86 ± 0.18 vs 0.43 ± 0.09, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>PPⅠ induces the early apoptosis and suppresses the proliferation of PC3 cells, probably by activating the ERK1/2 pathway and inhibiting the expressions of the NF-κB/p65 and DNMT1 proteins.</p>

Odanacatib Inhibits Resistin-induced Hypertrophic H9c2 Cardiomyoblast Cells Through LKB1/AMPK Pathway

ABSTRACT Odanacatib (ODN) is a selective inhibitor of cathepsin K. The cysteine protease cathepsin K has been implicated in cardiac hypertrophy. Resistine is an adipokine which is identified to promote cardiac hypertrophy. Here, we hypothesize that ODN mitigates resistin-induced myocyte hypertrophy. Cell surface area and protein synthesis were measured after treatment with resistin and ODN in H9c2 cells. The expression of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy marker BNP and β-MHC was detected by RT-qPCR. The expression and phosphorylation of AMPK and LKB1 were analyzed with Western blot. Resistin could significantly increase cardiomyocyte cell surface area, protein synthesis, and embryonic gene BNP and β-MHC expression, inhibit phosphorylation of AMPK and LKB1. ODN could significantly reverse the effects of resistin. Collectively, our data suggest that ODN can inhibit cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by resistin and the underlying mechanism may be involved in LKB1/AMPK pathway.

Clinical and endoscopic characteristics of fundic gland polyps / 中国内镜杂志

Objective To analyze the clinical and endoscopic characteristics of fundic gland polyps (FGPs).Methods A case-control study was carried out at the Afifliated Beijing Shijitan Hospital of Capital Medical University from 2008 to 2015. The patients who accepted an upper endoscopy and found the gastric polyps for the ifrst time (diagnosed by pathology) were included in the study. Then, we analyzed the clinic and pathological characteristics of FGPs and non-FGPs.Results During the study period, 867 patients were enrolled, and 319 (36.8%) patients had FGPs. Compared the cases with the controls, the size of FGPs was smaller, an average is (0.40 ± 0.15) cm, single accounted for 67.7%, and 88.1% of FGPs were located at fundus and body. Helicobacter pylori infection of the cases detected was found in 6.1%, less than non-FGPs. There were statistically signiifcant differences observed in these aspects. From 2008 to 2015, the proportion of FGPs in gastric polyps and the detection rate of FGPs are both gradually elevated.Conclusions FGPs are the common gastric polyps, and its detection rate is gradually elevated. Most of the FGPs are mainly located at fundus and body, and single. Helicobacter pylori infection detected in the patients who have FGPs is rare.

Analysis on medication rules of modern traditional Chinese medicines in treating palpitations based on traditional Chinese medicine inheritance support system / 中国中药杂志

To analyze the prescription and medication rules of Chinese medicines in the treatment of palpitations in the Chinese journal full text database(CNKI) by using traditional Chinese medicine inheritance system, and provide a reference for further research and development of modern traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs) in treatment of palpitations. In order to give better guidance for clinical mediation, prescriptions used for treatment of palpitations in CNKI were collected, and then were input to the TCM inheritance support system for establishing a Chinese medicine prescription database for palpitations. The software's revised mutual information, complex system entropy clustering and other data mining methods were adopted to analyze the prescriptions according to the frequencies of herbs, "four natures", "five flavors" and "meridians" of the high-frequency medicines in the database, identify the core herbs and application characteristics, and analyze the prescription rules and medication experience. Totally, 545 prescriptions used for palpitation were included in this study and involved 247 Chinese herbs. The analysis results showed that the herbs in prescriptions for palpitation mostly had the warm property, and the herbs in heart and spleen meridian accounted for a larger proportion, indicating that the treatment was mainly to nourish heart and strengthen spleen. The top 11 herbs in usage frequency were consistent with the high-frequency medicines in medication patterns of common herbal pairs; therefore, we considered that these 11 herbs were the core herbs; the core herbal combination included Cassia Twig, Licorice, fossil fragments, Ostreae decoction, and evolved into 9 new prescriptions for treating palpitation. Our results objectively presented the prescription and medication rules for treating palpitation and provided extremely effective guidance for the clinical therapy.

Comparison of clinical effect betweem reconstructing femoral calcar and proximal femoral antirotation nail for the treatment of unstable femoral intertrochanteric fracture in elderly patients / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the clinical effects of two methods of internal fixation in treating unstable femoral intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From August 2009 to August 2014, 68 elderly patients with unstable femoral intertrochanteric fracture treated with locking proximal femur plate and auxiliary short reconstructed plate (reconstructing calcar group) and proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA group) with clinical course from 1 to 3 days were retrospectively analyzed. In reconstructing calcar group, there were 30 patients including 8 males and 22 females, aged from 63 to 85 years old with an average of (73.41±5.12) years old, the fractures were classified to type AO 31-A2.2 in 12 cases, A2.3 in 11 cases, A3.3 in 7 cases according to AO/ASIF classification. In PFNA group, there were 38 patients including 10 males and 28 females, aged from 65 to 90 years old with an average of (74.26±4.53) years old, the fractures were classified to type AO 31-A2.2 in 15 cases, A2.3 in 13 cases, A3.3 in 10 cases. All fracture were caused by injury, leading pain and swelling. Femoral intertrochanteric fracture was confirmed by X ray films. The data of each group were collected for statistical analysis on the following aspects: the incision length, operation time, blood loss volume, postoperative partial weight bearing standing time, clinical healing time of fracture, postoperative complications, and hip functional score of Harris.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All incisions were healed at stage I. In the aspect of postoperative complications, there were 1 case of screw blade cutting and 1 case of deep venous thrombosis in PFNA group; there was 1 case of deep venous thrombosis in the reconstructing calcar group (²=0.000,=1.000). Patients were followed up from 20 to 24 months with an average of 22.5 months. There were no significant in postoperative partial weight bearing standing time, postoperative complications, hip functional score of Harris between two group. There were significant in the incision length, operation time, blood loss volume, clinical healing time of fracture. In the incision length, operation time, blood loss volume, clinical healing time of fracture, the PFNA group was significantly differently less than that of the reconstructing calcar group (<0.001). In the clinical healing time of fracture, the PFNA group was significantly differently less than that of the reconstructing calcar group (<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>For the treatment of unstable femoral intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients, reconstructing calcar and PFNA are both effective, and proximal femoral intramedullary nails may be the best choice, which can be simpler operation, smaller incision and less healing time.</p>

Subtype classification of Garden III femoral neck fractures in the elderly based on frontal Garden index and its clinical significance / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To retrospectively study postoperative Garden III femoral neck fractures in the elderly so as to explore the different degree of displacement of Garden III femoral neck fracture, and discuss the basis and clinical significance of the subtype classification.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 492 patients with complete clinical data out of the 1397 patients with femoral neck fractures treated by closed reduction and internal fixation with cannulated compression screws from September 2005 to September 2010 were included in the study. Each patient's frontal Garden Index was measured. On the basis of the frontal Garden Index, these cases were divided into three types:type A, which frontal Garden Index was more than or equal to 140°, included 53 males and 84 females with an average age of(65.3±7.2) years old ranging from 60 to 75 years old; type B, more than 120°and less than 140°, included 79 males and 172 females with an average age of (67.5±3.6) years old;and type C, less than or equal to 120°, included 38 males and 66 with an average age of(68.6±5.7) years old. Aspects were followed up including complications, consequences and hip joint function. The fracture healing and femoral head necrosis were compared among three types.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Operative incision of 492 cases was primary healing, and no infection and other complications occurred. All patients were followed up from 2 to 10 years with an average of 6.3 years, the healing of femoral neck fracture occurred in 432 cases, and the total union rate was 87.8%. Femoral head necrosis occurred in 83 cases, and the total necrosis rate of femoral head was 16.9%. The nonunion rate of type A was 6.6%, type B was 13.5%, and type C was 16.3%, there were significant differences among three types(²2AB=4.377,=0.036;²2AC=5.872,=0.015;²2BC=0.469, PBC=0.494). The necrosis rate of femoral head of group A was 8.8%, group B was 16.7%, and group C was 27.9%, there were significant differences among three groups(²2AB=4.704,=0.030;²2AC=15.317,=0.000;²2BC=5.715,=0.017).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>It is different for the degree of displacement of Garden III femoral neck fracture in the elderly. Based on frontal Garden Index to differentiate degree of fracture displacement, Garden III femoral neck fracture would be divided into A, B and C subtypes. The prognosis of Garden III femoral neck fracture in the elderly is negatively related to its degree of displacement, which has clinical significance to make treatment plan for Garden III femoral neck fracture in the elderly.</p>

Effect of salicylic acid on photosynthesis, physio-biochemistry and quality of Panax ginseng under full sun shine in spring / 中国中药杂志

In order to search for a new pathway to improve the yield of ginseng through growing at the full sun shine accompanied by salicylic acid (SA), the net photosynthetic rate (P(n)), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), malondialdehyde (MDA) in Panax ginseng leaves, and the content of ginsenosides in roots were compared under various concentrations of SA and full sun shine with the traditional shade shed. Under the full sun shine, 0.05, 0.2 mmol x L(-1) SA increased net photosynthetic rate to a great extent. Under the cloudy day, the average net photosynthetic rate increased by 127.8% and 155.0% over the traditional shade shed, 13.9% and 27.5% over the treatment without SA respectively; under the clear day, 23.5% and 30.4% over the traditional shade shed, 8.6% and 14.6% over the treatment without SA, particularly obvious in the morning and late afternoon. With such concentration, SA increased activities of SOD, CAT, POD, and decreased the contents of the MDA. This difference resulted from different light intensity, rise of light saturation point, and fall of compensation point. Full sun shine decreased ginsenosides contents, but with SA, the ginsenosides regained, the content of Rg1 and Re, Rb1, total six types of ginsenosides in SA 0.2 mmol x L(-1) group were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05) and other groups. The application of 0.2 mmol x L(-1) SA under full sun shine during a short time has little threat to the P. ginseng in spring, and could enhance the resistance to the adversity, which would improve the yield of ginseng heavily.

Effects of Jisuikang on Nogo-NgR gene expression in spinal cord rats with injury / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of Jisuikang (Chinese characters) on Nogo-NgR gene expression, and to explore the protective effects and mechanism of Jisuikang (Chinese characters) on spinal cord injury in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred eighty female rats were randomly assigned to 6 groups(30 rats per group). Sham group: T10 lamina was resected only and spinal cord was untreated. Model group: spine cord injury (SCI) was created with a modified impinger of Allen's by impacting on the T10 spinal cord. Prednisolone group: Prednisolone (0.06 g/kg) was given by intragastric administration at a time interval of 24 hours after operation. The Jisuikang (Chinese characters) high, moderate and low dose groups: Jisuikang (Chinese characters) was supplied with different dose (50 g/kg, 25 g/kg, 12.5 g/kg) by intragastric administration in rats after operation,for the first time at 30 min after surgery. Animals were killed 3, 7, 14 days after surgery. The expression levels of Nogo-A and NgR were observed by Western Blot and Real-time PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expression of Nogo-A and NgR was at the basic level at all time points in sham group. Compared with model group, the protein expression levels of Nogo-A and NgR in sham, prednisolone, Jisuikang (Chinese characters) moderate dose groups were statistically significant at all time points (P < 0.05). No difference was found in Jisuikang (Chinese characters) high and low dose groups (P > 0.05). Three days after surgery, the mRNA levels of Nogo-A and NgR in treatment group were significantly lower than that in model group (P < 0.01); 7 days after surgery,Nogo-A and NgR mRNA expression were dramatically upregulated and peaked; 14 days after operation, the expression was decreased, but still significantly higher than that in other treatment groups (P < 0.01). Prednisolone and Jisuikang (Chinese characters) moderate dose groups showed the most significant effects among all groups,but there was no statistically significant difference between two groups (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The decoction Jisuikang (Chinese characters) can promote the nerve cell regeneration by regulating Nogo-A and NgR gene expression, activating Nogo- NgR signaling pathways after acute spinal cord injury.</p>